Comparison of Qira’at in “Al-Muḥtasab” by Ibn Jinni: A Study of the Criteria of Preference

Abstract

The principle of preference among Qur’anic readings was widespread in the works of linguistic scholars (Ahl al-Iḥtijaj) and  significantly influenced the linguistic studies by offering models for understanding grammatical rules and applying rhetorical principles. Most scholarly preferences were grounded in linguistic reasoning. Ibn Jinni, who was deeply engaged in such comparisons, analyzed readings reported by Ibn Mujahid in his book “Al-Shawadh Fi Al-Qira’at” (Irregularities in Quranic Readings.) Abu Al-Fatḥ’s preferences were based on linguistic criteria that align with the conclusions he had reached in his study of the Arabic language. This study highlights the scholarly activity within the science of Linguistic Argumentation, traces Ibn Jinni’s methodology in “Al-Muḥtasab,” and identifies the criteria he used in preferring certain Qur’anic readings. Adopting an inductive-analytical method, the research finds that Ibn Jinni’s criteria of preferring among readings included conformity with analogy, semantic value, and convergence of readings. Moreover, the principle of selection is one of the foundational principles in the science of Qur’anic readings, and a part of the act of preferring. Accordingly, the study  recommends revisiting the linguistic foundations upon which linguistic scholars based their justifications. It also cautions against the dismissal of irregular readings from examination and study, and warns against misconceptions. These readings are, after all, evidences for interpreting the Qur’an and they contribute  to constructing the foundations of linguistic rules.